Genomic representation predicts an asymptotic host adaptation of bat coronaviruses using deep learning.

Introduction: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are naturally found in bats and can occasionally cause infection and transmission in humans and other mammals. Our study aimed to build a deep learning (DL) method to predict the adaptation of bat CoVs to other mammals. Methods: The CoV genome was represented with a method of dinucleotide composition representation (DCR) for the two main viral genes, ORF1ab and Spike. DCR features were first analyzed for their distribution among adaptive hosts and then trained with a DL classifier of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to predict the adaptation of bat CoVs. Results and discussion: The results demonstrated inter-host separation and intra-host clustering of DCR-represented CoVs for six host types: Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Primates, Rodentia/Lagomorpha, and Suiformes. The DCR-based CNN with five host labels (without Chiroptera) predicted a dominant adaptation of bat CoVs to Artiodactyla hosts, then to Carnivora and Rodentia/Lagomorpha mammals, and later to primates. Moreover, a linear asymptotic adaptation of all CoVs (except Suiformes) from Artiodactyla to Carnivora and Rodentia/Lagomorpha and then to Primates indicates an asymptotic bats-other mammals-human adaptation. Conclusion: Genomic dinucleotides represented as DCR indicate a host-specific separation, and clustering predicts a linear asymptotic adaptation shift of bat CoVs from other mammals to humans via deep learning.

Discussion on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 causing lung disease and heart damage based on Lei Zhongyi's theory of intermingled phlegm blood stasis and toxin

Novel coronavirus infection not only damages lung function, but also causes myocardial injury, elevated myocardial enzymes and heart failure, especially for patients with basic heart diseases who develop COVID-19, the first consideration should be the protection of cardiac function. Based on the theory of intermingled phlegm, blood stasis and toxin of heart disease put forward by Master Lei Zhongyi, the dialectical treatment thinking of COVID-19 patients from the concept of damage of phlegm, blood stasis and toxin to the heart were discussed. During the diagnosis, critical stage and recovery period of COVID-19, expectorant and blood-activating agents, heat and detoxification agents can be added to promote lung and asthma, free Bizheng and remove blood stasis, calm the heart and calm the mind, and promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary functions.

Discussion on the selection of ACEI and ARB for the patients with COVID-19 and hypertension from ACE2

With the wide spread of COVID-19, some studies have confirmed that novel coronavirus enters the cell through the binding of spike protein and ACE2 protein, which has the risk of causing the virus to enter the cell to accelerate its transmission. ACEI and ARB are the key drugs for the treatment of hypertension and are widely used in clinic. They are good for ventricular and vascular remodeling in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart failure. ACEI and ARB drugs may increase the expression of ACE2 in lung tissue and increase the risk of aggravation of the disease. According to the advice of hypertension experts: for mild ordinary COVID-19 patients with hypertension, we stopped immediately. During the discontinuation period, temporary replacement therepy with diuretics, dipine and vasodilation hypotensive drugs can be considered.